● Understanding academic tone and style ● Differences between academic and informal writing ● Overview of the writing process (planning, drafting, revising)

● Complex and compound-complex sentences ● Subordination and coordination ● Sentence variety and avoiding run-ons/fragments

● Topic sentences and paragraph unity ● Supporting details and coherence ● Transitions and logical flow

● Essay outlines and thesis statements ● Introduction, body, and conclusion structure ● Paragraph development strategies

● Perfect tenses and tense consistency ● Passive voice in academic writing ● Modality for hedging and formality

● Expanded noun phrases ● Appositives and modifiers ● Correct use of parallel structure in writing

● Writing different academic essay types ● Using appropriate structures and transitions ● Developing arguments with examples and evidence